Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Einstein initially showed a curiosity for mathematics and philosophy.
- He renounced his German citizenship in 1896.
- Received a diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in 1900.
- Obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich in 1905.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland from 1902 to 1909.
- Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (miracle year).
- Professor at the University of Zurich, Charles University of Prague, and ETH Zurich.
- Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Notable Works
- Special Relativity (1905)
- General Relativity (1915)
- Explanation of Brownian Motion
- Photoelectric Effect
- Einstein Field Equations
- E=mc² (Mass-Energy Equivalence)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. His theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His work continues to inspire scientists and shape modern physics and cosmology.
Awards and Honors
| Award | Year |
|---|---|
| Nobel Prize in Physics | 1921 |
| Copley Medal | 1925 |
| Max Planck Medal | 1929 |
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